What person, group or organization is being profiled, and why are they of interest to this project?
The website for 2014 ten keywords of cleaning air is being profiled. Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau in Dec.22 2014 released the 10 keywords to recap the main actions and lessons of air pollution governance in 2014.
What have they done – through research, or a public health program or education forum, for example-- that illustrates how they have worked to improve air pollution governance and environmental public health?
The one of the key word illustrate the iron fist when deal with air pollution. Starting 3/1/2014, “Beijing's air pollution controls regulations” came into effect. The regulation includes more strict legislative responsibilities for the companies and increases the cost of violation. Till 11/30/14, Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau had investigated more ten thousands pollution companies and filed 2596 penalties.
Another key word reveals that in the mid-2012, Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center start investigate the air pollution source in conjunction with Peking University and China Research Academy of Environmental Science. In April 2014, the result of the research was published. The result indicated that the major composites of the PM 2.5 in Beijing were organic matter (OM), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), crustal elements and ammonium (NH4 +).
What timeline of events illustrates how this way of addressing environmental public health has developed?
In 2003, Beijing started the regulation that prohibit “yellow label” vehicle, vehicles don’t meet the exhaust emission standards, inside Second Ring Road, which was the first policy of its kind in China. In 2009, the area of prohibition increased to inside 6th ring road. In the meantime, Beijing started subsidy program for eliminating “yellow label” vehicle. Till the end of 2013, the “yellow label” vehicle decreased to 15 thousand. In 2014, Beijing is the first city in China that completely eliminates the “yellow label” vehicle pollution.
Does this person, group or organization claim to have a new or unique way of addressing environmental public health? Does this approach point to or suggest problems with other approaches?
No, it doesn’t.
What data have they collected or used to support their approach to environmental public health? What visualizations of this data have been created?
The Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center collects concentration of PM 2.5, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, respirable particulate matter, carbon monoxide and ozone, etc. from 35 monitoring stations. The data is posted online in real time and updated once per hour. When encountering extreme situations i.e. possible heavy air pollution, the center would alert and provide suggestions to the public.
What research has the organization produce or draw on in their initiatives – in the last year, and over the last decade?
Beijing Municipal Environmental Bureau published Beijing Environmental Statement every year starting 1994. The statement includes summaries about environmental quality, pollutant discharge, actions and policy and service in one year.
What kinds of technology and infrastructure do they rely on in the production of environmental health care?
It relies on constantly revealing information about air quality and provides appropriate suggestions to the public.
它依赖于向社会公布对不断透露的空气质量的信息，并提供适当的建议。
What social ecology does this person, group or organization work within, and how did it shaped their way of conceiving and engaging asthma?
Beijing Municipal Environmental Bureau needs to have interaction with the public to acquire public response and suggestions to current environmental policies and actions.
北京市环保局需要与公众互动，以获得公众对目前的环境政策和行动的反应和建议。
What events or data seem to have motivated their ways of thinking about and engaging environmental health?
Increasing vehicle number in Beijing and more severe air pollution seems to pressure Beijing Municipal Environmental Bureau to decrease coal consumption and eliminate “yellow label” vehicle.
北京车辆数量增多空气污染严重，似乎迫使北京市环保局降低煤耗，淘汰黄标车。
What funding enables their work and possibly shapes their way of thinking about environmental health?
The government funding enables their work.
What in the history of this person, group or organization likely shaped the way they conceived or and engage environmental health?
Study shows that vehicle pollution has become one of the primary pollution sources in Beijing. Beijing Municipal Environmental Bureau has eliminated 1.39 million old and heavy emission vehicle since 2011, which has will decrease nitrogen oxides emission by 4% yearly. The great result seems to encourage the bureau to concentrate on measures about limiting transport pollution.
What person, group or organization is being profiled, and why are they of interest to this project?
The website for 2014 ten keywords of cleaning air is being profiled. Beijing Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau in Dec.22 2014 released the 10 keywords to recap the main actions and lessons of air pollution governance in 2014.
2014清洁空气十大关键词的网站正在被记录。北京市环境保护局在2014年12月22日公布的十个关键词总结回顾了首都大气治理一年来的重点举措和经验启示。
What have they done – through research, or a public health program or education forum, for example-- that illustrates how they have worked to improve air pollution governance and environmental public health?
The one of the key word illustrate the iron fist when deal with air pollution. Starting 3/1/2014, “Beijing's air pollution controls regulations” came into effect. The regulation includes more strict legislative responsibilities for the companies and increases the cost of violation. Till 11/30/14, Beijing Environmental Protection Bureau had investigated more ten thousands pollution companies and filed 2596 penalties.
Another key word reveals that in the mid-2012, Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center start investigate the air pollution source in conjunction with Peking University and China Research Academy of Environmental Science. In April 2014, the result of the research was published. The result indicated that the major composites of the PM 2.5 in Beijing were organic matter (OM), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), crustal elements and ammonium (NH4 +).
关键字之一说明了铁腕治污。2014年3月1日，“北京的空气污染管制条例”正式实施。该法规严格了法律责任，将更多的大气环境污染行为纳入了承担法律责任的范围；增加了企业违法成本。截至14年11月30日，北京市环保局曾调查了数万污染企业，立案处罚2569起。
另一个关键的字显示，在2012年中，北京市环境监测中心与北京大学环境科学中国研究院联合的开始调查空气污染源。在2014年4月，该研究成果发表。研究结果表明，北京市PM2.5主要成分为有机物（OM）、硝酸盐（NO3-）、硫酸盐（SO42-）、地壳元素和铵盐（NH4+）
What timeline of events illustrates how this way of addressing environmental public health has developed?
In 2003, Beijing started the regulation that prohibit “yellow label” vehicle, vehicles don’t meet the exhaust emission standards, inside Second Ring Road, which was the first policy of its kind in China. In 2009, the area of prohibition increased to inside 6th ring road. In the meantime, Beijing started subsidy program for eliminating “yellow label” vehicle. Till the end of 2013, the “yellow label” vehicle decreased to 15 thousand. In 2014, Beijing is the first city in China that completely eliminates the “yellow label” vehicle pollution.
2003年在全国率先实施黄标车限行二环路内的措施；2009年又将黄标车限行范围扩至六环路以内。同时，开创性的实施了政府补助黄标车淘汰的经济政策。2009至2010年全市共淘汰黄标车15.6万辆，占当年参检黄标车的85%以上。至2013年底，我市参检黄标车仅为1.5万辆。2014年，我市成为全国第一个解决黄标车排放污染的城市。
Does this person, group or organization claim to have a new or unique way of addressing environmental public health? Does this approach point to or suggest problems with other approaches?
No, it doesn’t.
What data have they collected or used to support their approach to environmental public health? What visualizations of this data have been created?
The Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center collects concentration of PM 2.5, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, respirable particulate matter, carbon monoxide and ozone, etc. from 35 monitoring stations. The data is posted online in real time and updated once per hour. When encountering extreme situations i.e. possible heavy air pollution, the center would alert and provide suggestions to the public.
北京市环保监测中心从35个监测子站收集细颗粒物（PM2.5）、二氧化硫、二氧化氮、可吸入颗粒物、一氧化碳和臭氧等6项污染物浓度信息。在其官方网站实时发布该信息并每小时实时更新。 遇极端不利情况，有可能发生空气重污染，及时向社会发布预警信息，给公众应对方法。
What research has the organization produce or draw on in their initiatives – in the last year, and over the last decade?
Beijing Municipal Environmental Bureau published Beijing Environmental Statement every year starting 1994. The statement includes summaries about environmental quality, pollutant discharge, actions and policy and service in one year.
北京市环保局1994年开始每年都会出版北京市环境状况公报。该公报包括有关当年环境质量，污染物排放，行动和政策与服务的总结。
What kinds of technology and infrastructure do they rely on in the production of environmental health care?
It relies on constantly revealing information about air quality and provides appropriate suggestions to the public.
它依赖于向社会公布对不断透露的空气质量的信息，并提供适当的建议。
What social ecology does this person, group or organization work within, and how did it shaped their way of conceiving and engaging asthma?
Beijing Municipal Environmental Bureau needs to have interaction with the public to acquire public response and suggestions to current environmental policies and actions.
北京市环保局需要与公众互动，以获得公众对目前的环境政策和行动的反应和建议。
What events or data seem to have motivated their ways of thinking about and engaging environmental health?
Increasing vehicle number in Beijing and more severe air pollution seems to pressure Beijing Municipal Environmental Bureau to decrease coal consumption and eliminate “yellow label” vehicle.
北京车辆数量增多空气污染严重，似乎迫使北京市环保局降低煤耗，淘汰黄标车。
What funding enables their work and possibly shapes their way of thinking about environmental health?
The government funding enables their work.
What in the history of this person, group or organization likely shaped the way they conceived or and engage environmental health?
Study shows that vehicle pollution has become one of the primary pollution sources in Beijing. Beijing Municipal Environmental Bureau has eliminated 1.39 million old and heavy emission vehicle since 2011, which has will decrease nitrogen oxides emission by 4% yearly. The great result seems to encourage the bureau to concentrate on measures about limiting transport pollution.
机动车污染已成为影响大气环境质量的主要来源之一。2011年至今，已淘汰的139万辆老旧机动车（其中2014年1月至11月淘汰42.6万辆）可实现氮氧化物年均减排4%。极好的结果似乎鼓励该局集中精力在有关限制交通污染的措施上。
What does this person, group or organization seem to find methodologically challenging or concerning in dealing with environmental health?
The website didn’t talk about the challenges it faces.
What kinds of governance are (implicitly or explicitly) called for in the way they think about environmental health?
Transparency and clearness of the policies and jurisdiction is called for this kinds of governance.
How can The Asthma Files enable or supplement this way of thinking about environmental health, and the work of this person, group or organization?