Getahun, D., Demissie, K., Rhoads, G., “Recent Trends in Asthma Hospitalization and Mortality in the United States,” 2005, Journal of Asthma, Vol. 42, Issue 5, 373-378, Accessed 1 November 2015, DOI: 10.1081/JAS-62995, __http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1081/JAS-62995__
Abstract Summary: The researchers studied trends in asthma hospitalization and mortality from 1995-2002, with cohorts for age, gender, and race. The data used in this experiment was gathered from the National Hospital Discharge Survey Database, U.S. Census, International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), and from the Center for Disease Control. It was found that hospitalization and mortality rates decreased for the period of interest. In addition, it was found that there was a decrease in disparity between the white and black racial groups for children under 10. The same was found for older groups until 2000, when disparity began to broaden.
Authors Background: All of the authors work at the Rutgers School of Public Health and work in epidemiology. Getahun and Demissie specialize in perinatal and children’s health and health disparities. Rhoads has research into the effects of lead exposure.
Relevant Research:
Stanley, AH, Demissie, K, Rhoads, GG. Asthma development with obesity exposure: observations from the cohort of the National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS). J Asthma. 2005;42 (2):97-9. . PubMed PMID:15871440
Main findings: Asthma hospitalization and mortality decreased from 1995-2002. Racial disparity in children over 10 and adults began to broaden in 2000 after a period of narrowing.
Support: Age-adjusted asthma mortality rates decreased by 33% from 1995-2001 (1.53/100,000 in 1995 to 1.03/100,000 in 2001). “The average annual hospitalization rate was 3.4 times higher for blacks (32.7 per 10,000 population) than whites (9.5 per 10,000 population).” “The decreasing trend in racial disparity that was observed among persons between 3 and 4 years of age resulted from a sharp (61%) decrease in the black male asthma hospitalization rate. The comparable white male asthma hospitalization rates increased by 33% during the same period.”
Quotes: “Race-specific asthma mortality rates have been found to be two to three times higher in blacks as compared to whites in almost all age categories.” Asthma mortality is highly disparaged between racial groups.
“In both races the highest percentage of asthma hospitalizations (43% for blacks and 34% for whites) occurred between the age of 0 and 9 years.”
Hospitalization rates were also increased across racial groups, leading to the assumption that there must be major variables at play between the two groups.
“Carr et al. [11] found that blacks and Hispanics in New York City had rates 3 to 5.5 times those of whites asthma hospitalization and mortality rates. In a study conducted in Boston by Gottlieb et al. [12], asthma hospitalization rates were positively correlated with poverty and with the proportion of nonwhite residents and inversely correlated with income and education attainment” Other studies have had similar findings and some socio-economic factors may be influencing rate of asthma.
11. Carr W, Zeitel L, Weiss K. Variations in asthma hospitalizations and deaths in New York City. Am J Public Health 1992; 82(1):59–65.[PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE], [CSA]
12. Gottlieb D J, Beiser A S, O'Connor G T. Poverty, race, and medication use are correlates of asthma hospitalization rates. A small area analysis in Boston. Chest 1995; 108(1):28–35.[PUBMED], [INFOTRIEVE]
Methods: For the hospitalization data, NHDS Public Data Use Files were compiled from 1995-2002. A systematic random sampling of different size hospitals in different geographic regions was used. It should be noted that in approximately 20% of the surveys, race information was not given. The IDC-9-CM was used to determine how many of the hospital stays were primarily for asthma. For the mortality data, mortality rates were obtained from the Center for Disease Control Mortality Database. The trends were examined using the IDC-9-CM and the IDC-10.
Disparity: Racial health disparity was highlighted by this research. Data on the greatly increased rate of mortality and hospitalization for blacks compared to whites showed the difference in suffering between the two groups. Gender health disparity was studied, but no major conclusions were made on it.
Citations: The article was cited in many studies on trends of mortality and racial and gender disparity in health treatment. A few examples are listed below: F. J. Gonzalez-Barcala M.D., Ph.D., J. Aboal M.D., J. M. Carreira M.D., Ph.D., M. X. Rodriguez-Alvarez Ph.D., A. Puga Ph.D., E. Sanjose M.D., M. Pintos & L. Valdes M.D., Ph.D., (2012) Trends of Asthma Mortality in Galicia from 1993 to 2007. Journal of Asthma 49:10, pages 1016-1020. Bridget K. Gorman & Meredith Chu, (2009) Racial and ethnic differences in adult asthma prevalence, problems, and medical care. Ethnicity & Health 14:5, pages 527-552. Jennifer W. Mccallister M.D. & John G. Mastronarde M.D., (2008) Sex Differences in Asthma. Journal of Asthma 45:10, pages 853-861. Darios Getahun MD, MPH, Cande V. Ananth, Yinka Oyelese, Morgan R. Peltier, John C. Smulian & Anthony M. Vintzileos, (2007) Acute and chronic respiratory diseases in pregnancy: Associations with spontaneous premature rupture of membranes. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 20:9, pages 669-675. References: This article’s references are mostly large national data files. Almost all of the references are from American sources. Follow-up: All of the authors work at the Rutgers School of Public Health and major in Epidemiology. Thematic: This article shows how open data sources allow for more research to be done and more trends to be identified. Also, a large amount of open data allows for comparison between different sources, which may aid in getting more unbiased results.
Abstract Summary: The researchers studied trends in asthma hospitalization and mortality from 1995-2002, with cohorts for age, gender, and race. The data used in this experiment was gathered from the National Hospital Discharge Survey Database, U.S. Census, International Classification of Diseases Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM), and from the Center for Disease Control. It was found that hospitalization and mortality rates decreased for the period of interest. In addition, it was found that there was a decrease in disparity between the white and black racial groups for children under 10. The same was found for older groups until 2000, when disparity began to broaden.
Authors Background: All of the authors work at the Rutgers School of Public Health and work in epidemiology. Getahun and Demissie specialize in perinatal and children’s health and health disparities. Rhoads has research into the effects of lead exposure.
Relevant Research:
- Stanley, AH, Demissie, K, Rhoads, GG. Asthma development with obesity exposure: observations from the cohort of the National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS). J Asthma. 2005;42 (2):97-9. . PubMed PMID:15871440
Main findings: Asthma hospitalization and mortality decreased from 1995-2002. Racial disparity in children over 10 and adults began to broaden in 2000 after a period of narrowing.Support: Age-adjusted asthma mortality rates decreased by 33% from 1995-2001 (1.53/100,000 in 1995 to 1.03/100,000 in 2001).
“The average annual hospitalization rate was 3.4 times higher for blacks (32.7 per 10,000 population) than whites (9.5 per 10,000 population).”
“The decreasing trend in racial disparity that was observed among persons between 3 and 4 years of age resulted from a sharp (61%) decrease in the black male asthma hospitalization rate. The comparable white male asthma hospitalization rates increased by 33% during the same period.”
Quotes:
“Race-specific asthma mortality rates have been found to be two to three times higher in blacks as compared to whites in almost all age categories.”
Asthma mortality is highly disparaged between racial groups.
“In both races the highest percentage of asthma hospitalizations (43% for blacks and 34% for whites) occurred between the age of 0 and 9 years.”
Hospitalization rates were also increased across racial groups, leading to the assumption that there must be major variables at play between the two groups.
“Carr et al. [11] found that blacks and Hispanics in New York City had rates 3 to 5.5 times those of whites asthma hospitalization and mortality rates. In a study conducted in Boston by Gottlieb et al. [12], asthma hospitalization rates were positively correlated with poverty and with the proportion of nonwhite residents and inversely correlated with income and education attainment”
Other studies have had similar findings and some socio-economic factors may be influencing rate of asthma.
Methods:
For the hospitalization data, NHDS Public Data Use Files were compiled from 1995-2002. A systematic random sampling of different size hospitals in different geographic regions was used. It should be noted that in approximately 20% of the surveys, race information was not given. The IDC-9-CM was used to determine how many of the hospital stays were primarily for asthma.
For the mortality data, mortality rates were obtained from the Center for Disease Control Mortality Database. The trends were examined using the IDC-9-CM and the IDC-10.
Disparity:
Racial health disparity was highlighted by this research. Data on the greatly increased rate of mortality and hospitalization for blacks compared to whites showed the difference in suffering between the two groups. Gender health disparity was studied, but no major conclusions were made on it.
Citations:
The article was cited in many studies on trends of mortality and racial and gender disparity in health treatment. A few examples are listed below:
F. J. Gonzalez-Barcala M.D., Ph.D., J. Aboal M.D., J. M. Carreira M.D., Ph.D., M. X. Rodriguez-Alvarez Ph.D., A. Puga Ph.D., E. Sanjose M.D., M. Pintos & L. Valdes M.D., Ph.D., (2012) Trends of Asthma Mortality in Galicia from 1993 to 2007. Journal of Asthma 49:10, pages 1016-1020.
Bridget K. Gorman & Meredith Chu, (2009) Racial and ethnic differences in adult asthma prevalence, problems, and medical care. Ethnicity & Health 14:5, pages 527-552.
Jennifer W. Mccallister M.D. & John G. Mastronarde M.D., (2008) Sex Differences in Asthma. Journal of Asthma 45:10, pages 853-861.
Darios Getahun MD, MPH, Cande V. Ananth, Yinka Oyelese, Morgan R. Peltier, John C. Smulian & Anthony M. Vintzileos, (2007) Acute and chronic respiratory diseases in pregnancy: Associations with spontaneous premature rupture of membranes. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine 20:9, pages 669-675.
References:
This article’s references are mostly large national data files. Almost all of the references are from American sources.
Follow-up:
All of the authors work at the Rutgers School of Public Health and major in Epidemiology.
Thematic:
This article shows how open data sources allow for more research to be done and more trends to be identified. Also, a large amount of open data allows for comparison between different sources, which may aid in getting more unbiased results.