CITATION
Connolly, J., E. Svendsen, D. Fisher & L. Campbell (2013). Organizing urban ecosystem services through environmental stewardship governance in New York City. Landscape and Urban Planning 109: 76-84.
AUTHORS James Connolly is an assistant professor of public policy & political science at Northeastern University. Connolly previously served as a staff researcher at the Earth Institute’s Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) and at the Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation’s Spatial Information Design Lab (SIDL) where he developed expertise in spatial analytic tools including ArcGIS and spatial statistics.
Source: http://www.northeastern.edu/cssh/policyschool/faculty/ Erika Svendsen isa social scientist for the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Herresearch interests involve urban environmental stewardship and how systems of stewardship shape new forms of governance, collective resilience, sacred space and human well-being.
Source: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/people/esvendsen Thiscan be a helpful guide to the methods of studying UES: Connolly, James J.T.; Svendsen, Erika S.; Fisher, Dana R.; Campbell, Lindsay K. 2015. Mixed methods analysis of urban environmental stewardship networks. In: Ruth, Matthias, ed. Handbook of research methods and applications in environmental studies. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing: 102-121. Chapter 5. Dana Fisher is a Professor of Sociology and the Director of the Program for Society and the Environment at the University of Maryland. Her research focuses on understanding the relationship between environmentalism and democracy—most recently focusing on environmental stewardship and American climate politics.
Source: http://www.drfisher.umd.edu/ Lindsay Campbell is a social scientist for the USDA Forest Service who works with the New York City Urban Field Station. Her current research explores the dynamics of urban stewardship, sustainability, and environmental policymaking, with a particular emphasis on issues of social justice.
Source: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/people/lindsaycampbell In this article, the authors advance on the discussion of organizational structure of environmental stewardship: Fisher, Dana R.; Campbell, Lindsay, K.; Svendsen, Erika S. 2012. The organisational structure of urban environmental stewardship. Environmental Politics. 21(1): 26-48.
FINDINGS
The article explains how bridge organizations work within the environmental stewardship network in New York City. The main findings are: 1. Bridge organizations play a central role on the urban environmental services of New York City. 2. They use a bi-model role to interact with the government agencies and other civic organizations. In that way, they serve they canalize demands and projects from both sides. 3. They prefer non-hierarchical of participation, which allows them to partner with multi-level and cross sectorial actors.
ARGUMENTS AND HOW THEY ARE SUPPORTED Bridge organizations are key to support urban environmental services in NYC: according to the authors, historically NYC has a tradition of stewardship in local ecosystems, beginning in the 19th century, an important period in the 1970’s and more recently through official recognition (as in the ‘PlaNYC 2030’). Through the research, the authors found that bridge organizations have the ability to work across scales and sectors, and their work responds to social conditions in the city. Heterarchic relations are important to develop bridge organizations: based on the interviews, the authors explain how heterarchic relations among individuals, other organizations and government is integrate part of the ‘adaptive dance’ to involve in official initiatives but keep their autonomy. The bi-modal role played by bridge organizations is integral to the governance of ecosystem services: bi-modal and heterarchic governance are complemented I the sense that allow bridge organizations to connect public agendas with activities of smaller stewardship groups. According to the authors “Without the bi-modal, bridging role that these organizations play, efforts to preserve ecosystem services would lose the systemic and organizing support that the governance network provides” (83).
QUOTES
Urban environmental Stewardship groups “form a crucial component of the urban environmental governance structure by networking their activities with other local groups and citywide advocates and agencies” (76). About the role of bridge organizations: “All organizations interviewed described municipal, state, and federal programs that provide physical resources and legislative support for their work. Most groups also described corporate and foundation support. In all cases, these resources were mostly used to enable and coordinate the activities of smaller-scale organizations” Heterachic relations: “The ability to work across scales and sectors is greatly enhanced in New York City by the presence – at least since the 1970s – of a minimally competitive, heterarchic governance environment around stewardship. Several respondents observed that this nonhierarchic structure has largely been maintained over time and has been crucial for enabling flexible responses to changing political and ecological conditions” (82)
DATA/METHODS:
Multi-method approach:
Enumerating the population for sampling (list of organization partners of potential interviewees, snowball sampling)
Survey (sent to 2767 groups) to identify the bridging groups
Open-ended semi-structured interviews
Interview data analysis
REFERENCED IN:
According to Scopus, the article has been cited until Nov. 2015 in 9 journals (mostly in Landscape and Urban Planning and Ecosystem Services).
Some of these articles are:
Enqvist, J., M.Tengö & Ö Bodin (2014). Citizen networks in the Garden City: Protecting urban ecosystems in rapid urbanization Reassessing "City Limits" in urban public policy. Landscape and Urban Planning.
Connolly, J. et al. (2014). Networked governance and the management of ecosystem services: The case of urban environmental stewardship in New York City. Ecosystem Services.
Connolly, J., E. Svendsen, D. Fisher & L. Campbell (2013). Organizing urban ecosystem services through environmental stewardship governance in New York City. Landscape and Urban Planning 109: 76-84.
AUTHORS
James Connolly is an assistant professor of public policy & political science at Northeastern University. Connolly previously served as a staff researcher at the Earth Institute’s Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) and at the Columbia Graduate School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation’s Spatial Information Design Lab (SIDL) where he developed expertise in spatial analytic tools including ArcGIS and spatial statistics.
Source: http://www.northeastern.edu/cssh/policyschool/faculty/
Erika Svendsen isa social scientist for the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station. Herresearch interests involve urban environmental stewardship and how systems of stewardship shape new forms of governance, collective resilience, sacred space and human well-being.
Source: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/people/esvendsen
This can be a helpful guide to the methods of studying UES: Connolly, James J.T.; Svendsen, Erika S.; Fisher, Dana R.; Campbell, Lindsay K. 2015. Mixed methods analysis of urban environmental stewardship networks. In: Ruth, Matthias, ed. Handbook of research methods and applications in environmental studies. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing: 102-121. Chapter 5.
Dana Fisher is a Professor of Sociology and the Director of the Program for Society and the Environment at the University of Maryland. Her research focuses on understanding the relationship between environmentalism and democracy—most recently focusing on environmental stewardship and American climate politics.
Source: http://www.drfisher.umd.edu/
Lindsay Campbell is a social scientist for the USDA Forest Service who works with the New York City Urban Field Station. Her current research explores the dynamics of urban stewardship, sustainability, and environmental policymaking, with a particular emphasis on issues of social justice.
Source: http://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/people/lindsaycampbell
In this article, the authors advance on the discussion of organizational structure of environmental stewardship: Fisher, Dana R.; Campbell, Lindsay, K.; Svendsen, Erika S. 2012. The organisational structure of urban environmental stewardship. Environmental Politics. 21(1): 26-48.
FINDINGS
The article explains how bridge organizations work within the environmental stewardship network in New York City. The main findings are: 1. Bridge organizations play a central role on the urban environmental services of New York City. 2. They use a bi-model role to interact with the government agencies and other civic organizations. In that way, they serve they canalize demands and projects from both sides. 3. They prefer non-hierarchical of participation, which allows them to partner with multi-level and cross sectorial actors.
ARGUMENTS AND HOW THEY ARE SUPPORTED
Bridge organizations are key to support urban environmental services in NYC: according to the authors, historically NYC has a tradition of stewardship in local ecosystems, beginning in the 19th century, an important period in the 1970’s and more recently through official recognition (as in the ‘PlaNYC 2030’). Through the research, the authors found that bridge organizations have the ability to work across scales and sectors, and their work responds to social conditions in the city.
Heterarchic relations are important to develop bridge organizations: based on the interviews, the authors explain how heterarchic relations among individuals, other organizations and government is integrate part of the ‘adaptive dance’ to involve in official initiatives but keep their autonomy.
The bi-modal role played by bridge organizations is integral to the governance of ecosystem services: bi-modal and heterarchic governance are complemented I the sense that allow bridge organizations to connect public agendas with activities of smaller stewardship groups. According to the authors “Without the bi-modal, bridging role that these organizations play, efforts to preserve ecosystem services would lose the systemic and organizing support that the governance network provides” (83).
QUOTES
Urban environmental Stewardship groups “form a crucial component of the urban environmental governance structure by networking their activities with other local groups and citywide advocates and agencies” (76).
About the role of bridge organizations: “All organizations interviewed described municipal, state, and federal programs that provide physical resources and legislative support for their work. Most groups also described corporate and foundation support. In all cases, these resources were mostly used to enable and coordinate the activities of smaller-scale organizations”
Heterachic relations: “The ability to work across scales and sectors is greatly enhanced in New York City by the presence – at least since the 1970s – of a minimally competitive, heterarchic governance environment around stewardship. Several respondents observed that this nonhierarchic structure has largely been maintained over time and has been crucial for enabling flexible responses to changing political and ecological conditions” (82)
DATA/METHODS:
Multi-method approach:
Enumerating the population for sampling (list of organization partners of potential interviewees, snowball sampling)
Survey (sent to 2767 groups) to identify the bridging groups
Open-ended semi-structured interviews
Interview data analysis
REFERENCED IN:
According to Scopus, the article has been cited until Nov. 2015 in 9 journals (mostly in Landscape and Urban Planning and Ecosystem Services).Some of these articles are:
Enqvist, J., M.Tengö & Ö Bodin (2014). Citizen networks in the Garden City: Protecting urban ecosystems in rapid urbanization Reassessing "City Limits" in urban public policy. Landscape and Urban Planning.
Connolly, J. et al. (2014). Networked governance and the management of ecosystem services: The case of urban environmental stewardship in New York City. Ecosystem Services.