1964- R. Beard, R. Horton, and R. McCaldin publish Observations on Tokyo-Yokohama Asthma and Air Pollution in Japan in the Publich Health Reports Journal (Vol. 79, No. 5) This article describes U.S. soldiers contracting asthma-like symptoms while occupying the Tokyo-Yokohama area. These soldiers no longer had this issue once they left the area. Article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1915438/?page=1
TAF Article: http://theasthmafiles.org/node/1582
1968- Japanese Air Pollution Control Act is enacted. This act was most recently amended in 2006. The articles in the act specify the regulations, these sections include soot and smoke emissions, volatile organic compound emissions, and particulates. In addition, the act promotes measures against air pollutants, defines maximum limits for automobile exhaust, how air pollution levels are to be monitored, how compensations are to be handled, and what provisions (miscellaneous and penal) are.
1993- The Japanese Society of Allergology develops the Asthma Prevention and Management Guidelines (JGL) in response to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Similar to GINA, JGL is based on the concept that asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways, and so treatment should be aimed at prevention of inflammation. This was a different way of looking at asthma. JGL was amended in 1997, 2002, 2006, and 2009; it is also widely accepted as Japan’s national asthma management guideline.
NCBI Journal article titled, “Evolution of Asthma Concept and Effect of Current Asthma Management Guidelines.” First mention of JGL:
2000- A court ruled in favor of the Japanese clean-air movement. The court found that automobile exhaust and industrial emissions can cause adverse affects to human health, including “life-threatening bronchial asthma.”
Original Article, but Access requires payment or a subscription:
2007-2008: After a ten year gap, the next annual Health, Labour and Welfare Report is published online. Reports up through 2014 are available online, however no reports for 1999-2007 either exist or are publicly available. These reports do not contain information regarding asthma or air pollutants.
2011- The Tokyo Metropolitan area was surveyed for radioactive doses. The doses ranged from 0.07-0.09 sieverts, depending on how far above the ground the measurement was taken. These dosages are lower than the dosage a person would receive from a chest x-ray (0.10 sieverts).
1964- R. Beard, R. Horton, and R. McCaldin publish Observations on Tokyo-Yokohama Asthma and Air Pollution in Japan in the Publich Health Reports Journal (Vol. 79, No. 5) This article describes U.S. soldiers contracting asthma-like symptoms while occupying the Tokyo-Yokohama area. These soldiers no longer had this issue once they left the area.
Article:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1915438/?page=1
TAF Article:
http://theasthmafiles.org/node/1582
1968- Japanese Air Pollution Control Act is enacted. This act was most recently amended in 2006. The articles in the act specify the regulations, these sections include soot and smoke emissions, volatile organic compound emissions, and particulates. In addition, the act promotes measures against air pollutants, defines maximum limits for automobile exhaust, how air pollution levels are to be monitored, how compensations are to be handled, and what provisions (miscellaneous and penal) are.
Translated version: __http://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/law/detail/?id=2146__
“Structure” of the law: __http://www.env.go.jp/en/laws/air/diagram/fig17.html__
1993- The Japanese Society of Allergology develops the Asthma Prevention and Management Guidelines (JGL) in response to the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Similar to GINA, JGL is based on the concept that asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways, and so treatment should be aimed at prevention of inflammation. This was a different way of looking at asthma. JGL was amended in 1997, 2002, 2006, and 2009; it is also widely accepted as Japan’s national asthma management guideline.
NCBI Journal article titled, “Evolution of Asthma Concept and Effect of Current Asthma Management Guidelines.” First mention of JGL:
__http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2892048/#__sec4title__
Image: Nitrogen Oxide emissions in parts per million by source across all of Japan.
Source:
http://www.pecj.or.jp/english/jcap/jcap1/jcap1_01.html
1998-1999: First annual report on Health and Welfare published by Japan Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare.
Report Table of Contents:
http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/wp/wp-hw/index.html
2000- A court ruled in favor of the Japanese clean-air movement. The court found that automobile exhaust and industrial emissions can cause adverse affects to human health, including “life-threatening bronchial asthma.”
Original Article, but Access requires payment or a subscription:
__http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v408/n6813/full/408631a0.html__
Mention of Case (11th paragraph):
http://www.japanfs.org/en/news/archives/news_id027794.html
2007-2008: After a ten year gap, the next annual Health, Labour and Welfare Report is published online. Reports up through 2014 are available online, however no reports for 1999-2007 either exist or are publicly available. These reports do not contain information regarding asthma or air pollutants.
List of Reports from 2007-2014:
http://www.mhlw.go.jp/english/wp/index.html
2011- The Tokyo Metropolitan area was surveyed for radioactive doses. The doses ranged from 0.07-0.09 sieverts, depending on how far above the ground the measurement was taken. These dosages are lower than the dosage a person would receive from a chest x-ray (0.10 sieverts).
Sources:
http://monitoring.tokyo-eiken.go.jp/en/index.html
http://monitoring.tokyo-eiken.go.jp/en/mon_tokyo_area.html