1.1.What person, group or organization is being profiled, and why are they of interest to this project?
·Chinese Research Academyof Environmental Science (CRAES)中国环境科学研究院 is established in 1978 as a national non-profit institute for environmental protection. It is being profiled because it carries out innovative basic scientific research on environmental protection especially air quality. It is also dedicated to providing of strategic foreseeing overall scientific and technological support to national environmental management and decision-making.
·Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning (CAEP)环境保护部环境规划院 is an independent environment protecting institution started in 2001. It helps with the Chinese government to promulgate long-term water and air protection and monitoring proposal annually. It also focuses on supporting small sized local governments improving and developing their environmental protection department. According to all above, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning is chosen.
1.2.What have they done—through research, or public health program or education forum, for example—that illustrates how they have worked to improve air pollution governance and environmental public health?
·CRAES operates under the concept of “Natural, Harmonious, Accumulation, and Development”.
It attains a series of important national scientific and technological results in fields like the basic theory of environmental sciences, applied basic theory as well as research and development of high-tech.
It makes important contributions to deal with main environmental problems, establishment of environmental management institution, technical regulation , pollution control technology development, ecological protection countermeasure establishment, as well as economic development pattern promotion and environmental-friendly society building.
·CAEP assists the government with the formulation of national medium and long-term environmental protection plans, emission control plans and implementation schemes for key pollutants.
It studies and proposes major national environmental protection policies.
It provides technical support and services for local governmental authorities and environmental protection agencies to formulate air pollution plans.
It carries out technical consultation services for pollution control and ecological protection projects.
1.3.What timeline of events illustrates how this way of addressing environmental public health has developed?
CRAES
·1982—CRAES started the publication of ‘Abstracts of Environmental Science’ Journal.
·1988—CRAES started the publication of ‘Research of Environmental Sciences’ Journal.
·2011—CRAES established the first ‘State Key Laboratory’ on environmental risk assessment.
·2012—CAEP issued periodic feature reports called Environmental Policy Research Series on air and water quality to provide educational resources for students.
·2013—CAEP convened a meeting with representatives from 31 provinces discussing how to further reduce greenhouse gases.
·2014—CAEP first declared that PM 2.5 is a transboundary contaminant; thus, regulations should be issued according to different areas instead of a uniform PM 2.5 regulation.
·Jan 2015—CAEP declared to start programs on recovering contaminated soil.
1.4.Does this person, group or organization claim to have a new or unique way of addressing environmental public health? Does this approach point to or suggest problems with other approaches?
·CRAES is uniquely relied on cooperation with universities both internationally and domestically compared to other organizations. The favorable cooperative relationship is established with many environmental scientific research institutes and universities in more than ten countries, such as the United States, Japan, Korea, and other countries in Europe.
CRAES also works with more than ten universities and scientific research organizations like Peking University and Tsinghua University in field of environmental science in China.
In the meantime, operating joint research on local and regional environmental issues strengthens collaboration with local environmental protection scientific institutes.
These various ways of exchanging and cooperation such as the establishment of meeting mechanism and joint labs enables CRAES to further develop in environmental public health field.
·Part of why CAEP is unique relies on the cooperation with Chinese government.By finishing the mission conducted byChinese government in a timely and efficient manner, CAEP can then engage in environmental public health through the mission.
1.5.What data have they collected or use to support their approach to environmental public health? What visualization of this data hasbeen created?
·CRAES published an article titled ‘Relation Analysis of Air Pollution and Children’s Respiratory System’ (Liu 2004) and declared that PM2.5 and PM10 are more related to asthma compared to SO2 and NOx on children.
Back in 1990s, CRAES published 'Environmental Control Unit and Asthma' (Wang 1995) discussing the Environment Control Unit (ECU) for asthma patients in order to provide better treatment for them.
·CAEPpublished “Relationship Between Respiratory System Disease and Pollution” (Sun 2010) in Chinese addressing the relationship between respiratory system diseases and level of atmospheric pollution such as PM10 and NO2 in 2010. Based on the data of air pollution concentration and respiratory disease inpatients in 2004. There exists a notable correlation with bronchitis inpatient data and PM10, NO2 concentration. In addition, asthma inpatient data also has a positive linear relation with PM10 concentration.
In 2013, CAEP analyzed 129 clinical females with acute asthma and concluded that environment was the key factor to female bronchial asthma.
1.6. What research has the organization produce or drawn on in their initiatives—in the last year, and over the last decade?
·CRAES won one National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology for reducing SO2 emission.
·CAEP has proposed several national planning on air pollution in 2014:
ØNational Water Pollutants Emission Total Load Control Plan;
ØStudy on National Acid Rain and SO2 Control Plan;
ØStudy on the Method for the Breakdown of National Environmental Protection Targets and its Disclosure.
1.7.What kinds of technology and infrastructure do they rely on in the production of environmental health care?
Both organizations relies on national environmental planning projects and research tasks, as well as atmospheric environmental capacity simulation software, and pollution economic loss investigation and accounting software, moreover, environmental carrying capacity accounting, environmental policy and environmental engineering.
1.8.What events or data seem to have motivated their ways of thinking about and engaging environmental health?
There are at least 300 million asthma patients all around the world and in China; the number has reached to 20 million over the past 20 years. Research has shown that women are more like to have asthma compared to men, especially women in their middle and later ages.
The concentration of PM2.5 has been off the chart（the highest record was 950 ppm) compared to other cities in China since the Olympic game in 2008 and asthma has been clearly related to air pollution especially PM2.5 from many aspects.
The Chinese government set up a long-term goal to reach in 2020 and 2050 respectively to reduce air pollution.
Thus, CARES and CAEP are determined to engage in environmental health and protect the citizens in Beijing.
1.9.What social ecology does this person, group or organization work within, and how did it shaped their way of conceiving and engaging asthma?
·CRAES posted a playbill on its official website as to asthma and air pollution related diseases.
·CAEP helped to develop game software on asthma for children to educate them with the knowledge of preventing asthma.
Both organizations propagated their work towards asthma on the national news named ‘Network News Broadcast’ to aggrandize their influence.
1.10.What funding enables their work and possibly shapes their way of thinking about environmental health?
Funding comes from the Chinese government and National Science Foundation for both CRAES and CAEP. They have to write proposals on their research plans each year in order to receive the funding.
1.11.What in the history of this person, group or organization likely shaped the way they conceived or and engage environmental health?
·CRAES transformed from the stage of environment sacrificing for economic development to that of environment optimizing for economic progress from the 1980s to the 21st century. The transformation is not the only transition in CRAES’s development progress but also an important historical turning point in China’s environmental protection career.
Through the implementation of “Talent Strategy, Scientific and Technological Innovative Strategy and Environmental Standard Strategy”, CRAES has formed its environmental scientific innovative system, consisting mainly of Atmospheric Environmental Research and Water Environmental Research.
·CAEP Since its foundation in 2001, CAEP has undertaken about 50 national key research and planning projects, 30 river basin or regional level planning projects, 20 international cooperation projects from the UN, EU, OECD, ADB, and other countries.
CAEP has been awarded one first-class and four third-class awards for science and technology improvement at the ministerial level. CAEP staffs have published about 20 books and over 100 papers.
In the last five years, CAEP has provided consulting services on a variety of topics such as environmental capacity simulation software on the atmosphere.
1.12.What does this person, group or organization seem to find methodologically challenging or concerning in dealing with environmental health?
·CRAES is more structured as a research center and focuses more on educating graduate or Ph.D. students. It requires more power from the government in order to apply their research results on practical situations. In addition, research done by CRAES can be sometimes too ahead of time. The research may provide a solution for issue in the future but not the issue at present.
·CAEP is an institution independent from the government although has cooperation with Chinese government. It can operate more freely compared to CRAES. However, same as CRAES, it lacks the power to actually influence the policy nowadays. Furthermore, the organization does not have a concentration, thus, its funding and stuffs are too separated to handle.
1.13.What kinds of governance are called for in the way they think about environmental health?
·CRAES calls more for an educational form of governance as for an institute. The main purpose for CRAES is to train talented people for future environmental health improvement and development. Therefore, new students eager to participate in environment protection is what CRAES most calling for.
·CAEP corporates with foreign countries on researches and regulation discussion. It is calling for people with international viewpoints on environment protection.
1.14.How can the Asthma Files enable or supplement this way of thinking about environmental health, and the work of this person, group or organization?
For both CRAES and CAEP, they seem to focus more on how to recover the environment from contamination instead of the environmental health. The Asthma Files can help them follow closely on human health in contaminated areas and due to the immense influence of both organizations, Chinese government may involve in and set up centers, charities even foundations for people who suffer in Asthma.
For CRAES particularly, Asthma Files enable students to gain the access to asthma education. As a result, student graduated from CRAES will have much more sense on environmental health.
1. 1. What person, group or organization is being profiled, and why are they of interest to this project?
· Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science (CRAES)中国环境科学研究院 is established in 1978 as a national non-profit institute for environmental protection. It is being profiled because it carries out innovative basic scientific research on environmental protection especially air quality. It is also dedicated to providing of strategic foreseeing overall scientific and technological support to national environmental management and decision-making.
· Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning (CAEP)环境保护部环境规划院 is an independent environment protecting institution started in 2001. It helps with the Chinese government to promulgate long-term water and air protection and monitoring proposal annually. It also focuses on supporting small sized local governments improving and developing their environmental protection department. According to all above, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning is chosen.
1. 2. What have they done—through research, or public health program or education forum, for example—that illustrates how they have worked to improve air pollution governance and environmental public health?
· CRAES operates under the concept of “Natural, Harmonious, Accumulation, and Development”.
It attains a series of important national scientific and technological results in fields like the basic theory of environmental sciences, applied basic theory as well as research and development of high-tech.
It makes important contributions to deal with main environmental problems, establishment of environmental management institution, technical regulation , pollution control technology development, ecological protection countermeasure establishment, as well as economic development pattern promotion and environmental-friendly society building.
· CAEP assists the government with the formulation of national medium and long-term environmental protection plans, emission control plans and implementation schemes for key pollutants.
It studies and proposes major national environmental protection policies.
It provides technical support and services for local governmental authorities and environmental protection agencies to formulate air pollution plans.
It carries out technical consultation services for pollution control and ecological protection projects.
1. 3. What timeline of events illustrates how this way of addressing environmental public health has developed?
CRAES
· 1982—CRAES started the publication of ‘Abstracts of Environmental Science’ Journal.
· 1988—CRAES started the publication of ‘Research of Environmental Sciences’ Journal.
· 2011—CRAES established the first ‘State Key Laboratory’ on environmental risk assessment.
· Sept 2nd, 2015—CRAES held the seventh Global Partners in Contaminated Land Management (GLOCOM) with University of Venice.
CAEP
· 2012—CAEP issued periodic feature reports called Environmental Policy Research Series on air and water quality to provide educational resources for students.
· 2013—CAEP convened a meeting with representatives from 31 provinces discussing how to further reduce greenhouse gases.
· 2014—CAEP first declared that PM 2.5 is a transboundary contaminant; thus, regulations should be issued according to different areas instead of a uniform PM 2.5 regulation.
· Jan 2015—CAEP declared to start programs on recovering contaminated soil.
1. 4. Does this person, group or organization claim to have a new or unique way of addressing environmental public health? Does this approach point to or suggest problems with other approaches?
· CRAES is uniquely relied on cooperation with universities both internationally and domestically compared to other organizations. The favorable cooperative relationship is established with many environmental scientific research institutes and universities in more than ten countries, such as the United States, Japan, Korea, and other countries in Europe.
CRAES also works with more than ten universities and scientific research organizations like Peking University and Tsinghua University in field of environmental science in China.
In the meantime, operating joint research on local and regional environmental issues strengthens collaboration with local environmental protection scientific institutes.
These various ways of exchanging and cooperation such as the establishment of meeting mechanism and joint labs enables CRAES to further develop in environmental public health field.
· Part of why CAEP is unique relies on the cooperation with Chinese government. By finishing the mission conducted by Chinese government in a timely and efficient manner, CAEP can then engage in environmental public health through the mission.1. 5. What data have they collected or use to support their approach to environmental public health? What visualization of this data has been created?
· CRAES published an article titled ‘Relation Analysis of Air Pollution and Children’s Respiratory System’ (Liu 2004) and declared that PM2.5 and PM10 are more related to asthma compared to SO2 and NOx on children.
Back in 1990s, CRAES published 'Environmental Control Unit and Asthma' (Wang 1995) discussing the Environment Control Unit (ECU) for asthma patients in order to provide better treatment for them.
· CAEP published “Relationship Between Respiratory System Disease and Pollution” (Sun 2010) in Chinese addressing the relationship between respiratory system diseases and level of atmospheric pollution such as PM10 and NO2 in 2010. Based on the data of air pollution concentration and respiratory disease inpatients in 2004. There exists a notable correlation with bronchitis inpatient data and PM10, NO2 concentration. In addition, asthma inpatient data also has a positive linear relation with PM10 concentration.
In 2013, CAEP analyzed 129 clinical females with acute asthma and concluded that environment was the key factor to female bronchial asthma.
1. 6. What research has the organization produce or drawn on in their initiatives—in the last year, and over the last decade?
· CRAES won one National Prize for Progress in Science and Technology for reducing SO2 emission.
· CAEP has proposed several national planning on air pollution in 2014:
Ø National Water Pollutants Emission Total Load Control Plan;
Ø Study on National Acid Rain and SO2 Control Plan;
Ø Study on the Method for the Breakdown of National Environmental Protection Targets and its Disclosure.
1. 7. What kinds of technology and infrastructure do they rely on in the production of environmental health care?
Both organizations relies on national environmental planning projects and research tasks, as well as atmospheric environmental capacity simulation software, and pollution economic loss investigation and accounting software, moreover, environmental carrying capacity accounting, environmental policy and environmental engineering.
1. 8. What events or data seem to have motivated their ways of thinking about and engaging environmental health?
There are at least 300 million asthma patients all around the world and in China; the number has reached to 20 million over the past 20 years. Research has shown that women are more like to have asthma compared to men, especially women in their middle and later ages.
The concentration of PM2.5 has been off the chart （the highest record was 950 ppm) compared to other cities in China since the Olympic game in 2008 and asthma has been clearly related to air pollution especially PM2.5 from many aspects.
The Chinese government set up a long-term goal to reach in 2020 and 2050 respectively to reduce air pollution.
Thus, CARES and CAEP are determined to engage in environmental health and protect the citizens in Beijing.
1. 9. What social ecology does this person, group or organization work within, and how did it shaped their way of conceiving and engaging asthma?
· CRAES posted a playbill on its official website as to asthma and air pollution related diseases.
· CAEP helped to develop game software on asthma for children to educate them with the knowledge of preventing asthma.
Both organizations propagated their work towards asthma on the national news named ‘Network News Broadcast’ to aggrandize their influence.
1. 10. What funding enables their work and possibly shapes their way of thinking about environmental health?
Funding comes from the Chinese government and National Science Foundation for both CRAES and CAEP. They have to write proposals on their research plans each year in order to receive the funding.
1. 11. What in the history of this person, group or organization likely shaped the way they conceived or and engage environmental health?
· CRAES transformed from the stage of environment sacrificing for economic development to that of environment optimizing for economic progress from the 1980s to the 21st century. The transformation is not the only transition in CRAES’s development progress but also an important historical turning point in China’s environmental protection career.
Through the implementation of “Talent Strategy, Scientific and Technological Innovative Strategy and Environmental Standard Strategy”, CRAES has formed its environmental scientific innovative system, consisting mainly of Atmospheric Environmental Research and Water Environmental Research.
· CAEP Since its foundation in 2001, CAEP has undertaken about 50 national key research and planning projects, 30 river basin or regional level planning projects, 20 international cooperation projects from the UN, EU, OECD, ADB, and other countries.
CAEP has been awarded one first-class and four third-class awards for science and technology improvement at the ministerial level. CAEP staffs have published about 20 books and over 100 papers.
In the last five years, CAEP has provided consulting services on a variety of topics such as environmental capacity simulation software on the atmosphere.
1. 12. What does this person, group or organization seem to find methodologically challenging or concerning in dealing with environmental health?
· CRAES is more structured as a research center and focuses more on educating graduate or Ph.D. students. It requires more power from the government in order to apply their research results on practical situations. In addition, research done by CRAES can be sometimes too ahead of time. The research may provide a solution for issue in the future but not the issue at present.
· CAEP is an institution independent from the government although has cooperation with Chinese government. It can operate more freely compared to CRAES. However, same as CRAES, it lacks the power to actually influence the policy nowadays. Furthermore, the organization does not have a concentration, thus, its funding and stuffs are too separated to handle.
1. 13. What kinds of governance are called for in the way they think about environmental health?
· CRAES calls more for an educational form of governance as for an institute. The main purpose for CRAES is to train talented people for future environmental health improvement and development. Therefore, new students eager to participate in environment protection is what CRAES most calling for.
· CAEP corporates with foreign countries on researches and regulation discussion. It is calling for people with international viewpoints on environment protection.
1. 14. How can the Asthma Files enable or supplement this way of thinking about environmental health, and the work of this person, group or organization?
For both CRAES and CAEP, they seem to focus more on how to recover the environment from contamination instead of the environmental health. The Asthma Files can help them follow closely on human health in contaminated areas and due to the immense influence of both organizations, Chinese government may involve in and set up centers, charities even foundations for people who suffer in Asthma.
For CRAES particularly, Asthma Files enable students to gain the access to asthma education. As a result, student graduated from CRAES will have much more sense on environmental health.
Citation: http://www.doc88.com/p-1734304533551.html
http://www.craes.cn/cn/index.html
http://www.caep.org.cn/ReadNews.asp?NewsID=4332
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/330c767d4b73f242336c5fc3.html