On-Road Vehicle Emission Control in Beijing: Past, Present, and Future†
1. Full citation and abstract? Ye Wu, Renjie Wang, Yu Zhou, Bohong Lin, Lixin Fu, Kebin He, and Jiming Hao, On-Road Vehicle Emission Control in Beijing: Past, Present, and Future, Environ. Sci. Technol., August 9, 2010DOI: 10.1021/es1014289 Abstract: The rapid growth in motor vehicles creates air quality challenges. Researchers have identified mobile sources as one of the most important contributors to Beijing’s air pollution. In this paper, the authors summarize the vehicle control strategies and policies in Beijing since the mid-1990s.
2. Where do the authors work, and what are their areas of expertise? Note any other publications by the authors with relevance to the 6Cities project. The authors are from the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering of Tsinghua University.
3. What are the main findings or arguments presented in the article or report? This paper aims to help policy-makers understand the past and current vehicle control strategies and their effects on emissions and air quality. The authors also discuss potential future strategies for Beijing’s vehicle fleet and explore long-term mechanisms for vehicle emission control in Beijing and the rest of China. They also discuss the background and content of major strategies, evaluate the emission profiles of Beijing’s vehicle fleet between 1995 and 2009 and assess the emission reductions of each major strategy.
4. Describe at least three ways that the argument is supported.
Vehicle Emission Control Strategies and Polices: the authors use the figure illustrates the growth of on road vehicles in Beijing over the past two decades, with an annual growth rate as high as 13%. By end of 2009, Beijing’s total vehicle population reached 4.02 million.
The authors use the table to show vehicle emission standards adopted in Beijing since 1999. Generally, the Beijing EPB tightens the emission standards for new vehicles every 3-4 years. For light-duty gasoline vehicles and trucks (LDGV and LDGT) and heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDV) the standards are at least one year earlier than the national requirements.
The authors use figure 2 presents the fleet average emission factors of three gaseous air pollutants (CO, NOX, and HC) and PM10 by each major vehicle category in Beijing. Four years, i.e., 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2009, are shown next to each other for comparison. Six major vehicle categories are defined: (1) LDGV, which is set exclusively for passenger cars in this study; (2) LDGT1 (with gross vehicle weight [GVW] less than 2.7 t); (3) LDGT2 (with GVW between 2.7 and 3.8 t); (4) heavy-duty gasoline vehicle (HDGV, with GVW more than 3.8 t); (5) HDDV, and (6) MC. Not surprisingly, the fleet-average emission factors of all four pollutants by each major vehicle category clearly decrease each year.
5. What three (or more) quotes capture the message of the article or report?
“In this paper, we summarize the vehicle control strategies and policies in Beijing since the mid-1990s. We discuss the background and content of major strategies, evaluate the emission profiles of Beijing’s vehicle fleet between 1995 and 2009 and assess the emission reductions of each major strategy. This paper aims to help policy-makers understand the past and current vehicle control strategies and their effects on emissions and air quality. We also discuss potential future strategies for Beijing’s vehicle fleet and explore long-term mechanisms for vehicle emission control in Beijing and the rest of China.”
“The control strategies and policies for Beijing’s vehicle fleet over the past two decades can generally be classified into seven categories. The first six are standard controls programs,including (1) controls on new vehicles; (2) controls on in-use vehicles; (3) improvements in fuel quality; (4) alternative fuel vehicles and advanced vehicles; (5) economic policies including fiscal incentives and vehicle emission taxes/fees; and (6) public transportation. The seventh category is temporal controls, in particular, traffic control measures implemented during and after the Beijing Olympic Games.”
“We envision a continued decrease of fleet-average emission factors for all vehicle categories in the future. For specific vehicle categories, such as LDGV, annual average VKT will also likely decrease due to the travel restriction rules and growth in private cars. However, total emissions from Beijing’s vehicle fleet might not easily be reduced. A recent example is the lack of progress on total CO and HC emissions between 2002 and 2005 (see Figure 3). The difficulties come primarily from the high growth in Beijing’s vehicle population (especially for LDGV).”
6. What were the methods, tools and/or data used to produce the claims or arguments made in the article or report? The growth in vehicles and the corresponding emissions create challenges to improving the urban air quality. In an effort to reduce the impact of vehicle emissions on urban air quality, Beijing has adopted a number of vehicle emission control strategies and policies since the mid-1990s. These are classified into seven categories: (1) emission control on new vehicles; (2) emission control on inuse vehicles; (3) fuel quality improvements; (4) alternative fuel and advanced vehicles; (5) economic policies; (6) public transport; and (7) temporal traffic control measures. The article analyzes the control strategies in these seven areas.
7. How (if at all) are health disparities or other equity issues addressed in the article or report? There’s no health disparities mentioned in the article.
8. Where has this article or report been referenced or discussed? (In some journals, you can see this in a sidebar.) Yuling Jia et al., “Estimated Reduction in Cancer Risk due to PAH Exposures If Source Control Measures during the 2008 Beijing Olympics Were Sustained”, Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Jun; 119(6): 815–820. Published online 2011 Feb 8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1003100
9. Can you learn anything from the article or report’s bibliography that tells us something about how the article or report was produced? The bibliography typically from the professional articles about vehicle emissions. Therefore, the article is developed with the vehicles emissions in different time but not with chronological order.
1. Full citation and abstract?
Ye Wu, Renjie Wang, Yu Zhou, Bohong Lin, Lixin Fu, Kebin He, and Jiming Hao, On-Road Vehicle Emission Control in Beijing: Past, Present, and Future, Environ. Sci. Technol., August 9, 2010DOI: 10.1021/es1014289
Abstract: The rapid growth in motor vehicles creates air quality challenges. Researchers have identified mobile sources as one of the most important contributors to Beijing’s air pollution. In this paper, the authors summarize the vehicle control strategies and policies in Beijing since the mid-1990s.
2. Where do the authors work, and what are their areas of expertise? Note any other publications by the authors with relevance to the 6Cities project.
The authors are from the Department of Environmental Science and Engineering of Tsinghua University.
3. What are the main findings or arguments presented in the article or report?
This paper aims to help policy-makers understand the past and current vehicle control strategies and their effects on emissions and air quality. The authors also discuss potential future strategies for Beijing’s vehicle fleet and explore long-term mechanisms for vehicle emission control in Beijing and the rest of China. They also discuss the background and content of major strategies, evaluate the emission profiles of Beijing’s vehicle fleet between 1995 and 2009 and assess the emission reductions of each major strategy.
4. Describe at least three ways that the argument is supported.
5. What three (or more) quotes capture the message of the article or report?
6. What were the methods, tools and/or data used to produce the claims or arguments made in the article or report?
The growth in vehicles and the corresponding emissions create challenges to improving the urban air quality. In an effort to reduce the impact of vehicle emissions on urban air quality, Beijing has adopted a number of vehicle emission control strategies and policies since the mid-1990s. These are classified into seven categories: (1) emission control on new vehicles; (2) emission control on inuse vehicles; (3) fuel quality improvements; (4) alternative fuel and advanced vehicles; (5) economic policies; (6) public transport; and (7) temporal traffic control measures. The article analyzes the control strategies in these seven areas.
7. How (if at all) are health disparities or other equity issues addressed in the article or report?
There’s no health disparities mentioned in the article.
8. Where has this article or report been referenced or discussed? (In some journals, you can see this in a sidebar.)
Yuling Jia et al., “Estimated Reduction in Cancer Risk due to PAH Exposures If Source Control Measures during the 2008 Beijing Olympics Were Sustained”, Environ Health Perspect. 2011 Jun; 119(6): 815–820. Published online 2011 Feb 8. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1003100
9. Can you learn anything from the article or report’s bibliography that tells us something about how the article or report was produced?
The bibliography typically from the professional articles about vehicle emissions. Therefore, the article is developed with the vehicles emissions in different time but not with chronological order.