Introduction: The transportation sector is a major emission contributor to China’s urban air pollution and is seen as a growing threat to air quality. CAAC Knowledge Series offers pathways to curb China’s urban transportation pollution, providing suggestions and references to national and local decision-makers to guide policy making processes.
2. Where do the authors work, and what are their areas of expertise? Note any other publications by the authors with relevance to the 6Cities project. The authors are Hongxing Xie and Sicong Kang from Secretariat of Clean Air Alliance of China (CAAC), Yuan Lin and Xiuli Zhang from Energy Foundation.
3. What are the main findings or arguments presented in the article or report? Particle pollution, also called particulate matter or PM, is a mixture of solids and liquid droplets floating in the air. Fine particles (PM2.5) are 2.5 micrometers in diameter or smaller, and can only be seen with an electron microscope. Fine particles are produced from all types of combustion, typically from motor vehicles. The article is seeking a way of controlling the traffic pollution in metropolis. It includes 10 ways of controlling the pollutants from traffic, for example, urban planning should adopt Transit-Orientated Development method (TOD), controlling the number of vehicles, increasing the vehicles emission standards and improving the quality of gasoline. The article also provides the suggestions for policy makers, which includes cases to manifest the significance of making these policies.
4. Describe at least three ways that the argument is supported.
Urban planning should adopt the way of Orientated Development method (TOD)
The Energy Foundation always take the TOD as priority of technical development. The research between Energy Foundation and Calthorpe firm in 2011 shows that the new urban planning will significantly improve the environment comparing to the previous large block planning. The data includes: vehicles emission decreases 72%, greenhouse gases emission decreases 59%, and vehicles travel mileage declines 67%. Moreover, from the view of infrastructure construction, the new planning will decrease 24% total road area compares to the previous planning.
Control vehicle numbers
According to the research of World Bank in 2011, the possession of vehicles in China is 69 per 1000 people, 786 per 1000 in the U.S., and 516 per 1000 people in the U.K. (Data resource: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.VEH.NVEH.P3). In 2011, Beijing introduced new lottery system for issuing car license plates. Only 240,000 new cars registered in that year. This is an effective way of controlling the number of new car growth, which is the necessary path of China when facing the pollution problem.
Increasing the vehicles emission standards
In 2018, China will introduce the policy of V emission standards, this will improve the air quality. More important, the evaporate emission is also an important part of air pollution. The Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) after photosynthesis will transformed into Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) which is the reason of haze. China should incorporate the American Tier III standards and California Live III standards to introduce the policies about evaporate emissions.
5. What three (or more) quotes capture the message of the article or report?
“In order to meet the requirement of transportation demand, the planning should adopt Transit-Orientated Development method (TOD), combining the utilization of road and urban transportation planning, effectively approach the aim of controlling air pollution through urban planning.” (Part 1)
“Improve and strictly implement vehicles emission standards is important. With the current number of vehicles, improving the emission standards is the most effective way. This policy will also stimulate more car companies invest in the technology of decreasing emission of air pollutant, promoting the car industries in to a clean and efficient future. ” (Part 3)
“Increase the quality off burning gasoline, especially in decreasing the content of sulfur, is the prerequisite of improving vehicles emission standards. It not only directly decreases the air pollutant emission, but also the prerequisite of implementing more pollutant controlling technology.” (Part 4)
6. What were the methods, tools and/or data used to produce the claims or arguments made in the article or report?
Urban planning should adopt the way of Orientated Development method (TOD)
This part includes the data from the article of “Impact of Neighborhood Land Use on Residents Travel Energy Consumption” from Yang Jiang and Dongquan He to show how private vehicles emission related to urban planning.
Control vehicle numbers
The data from The World Bank of “the Possession of cars per 1000 people” along with the data from “China Automotive Industry Yearbook” and “China Statistical Yearbook” are included here to reveal the importance of controlling the number of vehicles.
7. How (if at all) are health disparities or other equity issues addressed in the article or report?
The report is about how to control the city air pollutant emission through traffic regulation or planning of policies. The policy of V emission standards will be implemented in 2018 helps to address the equity issues between areas. This policy makes the vehicles emission decreases in national wide, which will effectively improve the air quality.
The health issue is not directly addressed. However, once the emission of air pollutant from vehicles decreased, the PM2.5 will also decline. Therefore, the article provides a positive attitude through various way of controlling pollutant vehicles.
8. Where has this article or report been referenced or discussed? (In some journals, you can see this in a sidebar.) It has been reported as new in following website: http://www.nandudu.com/article/15155
9. Can you learn anything from the article or report’s bibliography that tells us something about how the article or report was produced?
The bibliography mostly includes articles related to the topic of vehicles emission or the energy consumption by people. It also used some figures or diagrams from these articles to show the situation in China, or reveal the possibility of implementing the policies.
This article is produced by analyzing the air quality situation and vehicles emission reality in China, then provides some suggestions for policy makers.
10. What three points, details or references from the text did you follow up on to advance your understanding of how air pollution science has been produced and used in governance and education in different settings?
In the process of urban planning, people figure out a better with implement of Transit-Orientated Development method (TOD) will result a more efficient way of using city land, which can affect the air pollutant emission. This is how connected the governance with environment problems.
In a point of education, the article doesn’t addressed much about this. But the increase of vehicles pollutant emission will make people aware that the air quality can be improved through everyone’s effort.
The reference listed in the article like “2013 China's motor vehicle pollution year report” reveals the government starts to address the air pollution issue into yearly report. This reaction is important for relating air pollution science and environmental governance.
改善城市交通，遏制中国空气污染
Curbing China's Air Pollution from Urban Transport
1. Full citation and abstract?
2. Where do the authors work, and what are their areas of expertise? Note any other publications by the authors with relevance to the 6Cities project.
The authors are Hongxing Xie and Sicong Kang from Secretariat of Clean Air Alliance of China (CAAC), Yuan Lin and Xiuli Zhang from Energy Foundation.
3. What are the main findings or arguments presented in the article or report?
Particle pollution, also called particulate matter or PM, is a mixture of solids and liquid droplets floating in the air. Fine particles (PM2.5) are 2.5 micrometers in diameter or smaller, and can only be seen with an electron microscope. Fine particles are produced from all types of combustion, typically from motor vehicles. The article is seeking a way of controlling the traffic pollution in metropolis. It includes 10 ways of controlling the pollutants from traffic, for example, urban planning should adopt Transit-Orientated Development method (TOD), controlling the number of vehicles, increasing the vehicles emission standards and improving the quality of gasoline. The article also provides the suggestions for policy makers, which includes cases to manifest the significance of making these policies.
4. Describe at least three ways that the argument is supported.
- Urban planning should adopt the way of Orientated Development method (TOD)
The Energy Foundation always take the TOD as priority of technical development. The research between Energy Foundation and Calthorpe firm in 2011 shows that the new urban planning will significantly improve the environment comparing to the previous large block planning. The data includes: vehicles emission decreases 72%, greenhouse gases emission decreases 59%, and vehicles travel mileage declines 67%. Moreover, from the view of infrastructure construction, the new planning will decrease 24% total road area compares to the previous planning.- Control vehicle numbers
According to the research of World Bank in 2011, the possession of vehicles in China is 69 per 1000 people, 786 per 1000 in the U.S., and 516 per 1000 people in the U.K. (Data resource: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IS.VEH.NVEH.P3). In 2011, Beijing introduced new lottery system for issuing car license plates. Only 240,000 new cars registered in that year. This is an effective way of controlling the number of new car growth, which is the necessary path of China when facing the pollution problem.- Increasing the vehicles emission standards
In 2018, China will introduce the policy of V emission standards, this will improve the air quality. More important, the evaporate emission is also an important part of air pollution. The Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) after photosynthesis will transformed into Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) which is the reason of haze. China should incorporate the American Tier III standards and California Live III standards to introduce the policies about evaporate emissions.5. What three (or more) quotes capture the message of the article or report?
6. What were the methods, tools and/or data used to produce the claims or arguments made in the article or report?
- Urban planning should adopt the way of Orientated Development method (TOD)
This part includes the data from the article of “Impact of Neighborhood Land Use on Residents Travel Energy Consumption” from Yang Jiang and Dongquan He to show how private vehicles emission related to urban planning.- Control vehicle numbers
The data from The World Bank of “the Possession of cars per 1000 people” along with the data from “China Automotive Industry Yearbook” and “China Statistical Yearbook” are included here to reveal the importance of controlling the number of vehicles.7. How (if at all) are health disparities or other equity issues addressed in the article or report?
8. Where has this article or report been referenced or discussed? (In some journals, you can see this in a sidebar.)
It has been reported as new in following website: http://www.nandudu.com/article/15155
9. Can you learn anything from the article or report’s bibliography that tells us something about how the article or report was produced?
10. What three points, details or references from the text did you follow up on to advance your understanding of how air pollution science has been produced and used in governance and education in different settings?